ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis remains a major threat to mankind, becoming more deadly due to COVID-19 pandemic. The worldwide scenario is daunted by additional factors such as drug resistance, non-adherence and complexity of the treatment. To overcome these obstacles, there is a constant need for novel drug development. However, drug development is an extensive process in itself requiring enormous financial investment and is time-consuming with a low success rate. A viable alternative to circumvent these complications is to explore ‘privileged scaffold/s’. Further logical approaches would be to study the privileged scaffold/s which materialize in the clinical pipeline of the disease. The present review summarizes clinically important privileged scaffolds explored in tuberculosis, namely, aryl quinolines, nitroheterocycles and oxazolidinones. Various developmental aspects have been reviewed along with the structural, pharmacological and physicochemical investigations as may be relevant. The understandings gained would thereby help in envisaging suitable structural modifications of these scaffolds for development of promising leads. © 2022 Indian Drug Manufacturers' Association. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pandemic has affected more than 18.6 million people worldwide. Male gender, older age, obesity, and comorbid noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic respiration illnesses, and cancer have higher risk and fatal outcome of COVID-19. India has a huge burden of NCDs and their associated risk factors which could act in harmony with COVID-19 to produce severe and fatal outcome. Till date the specific treatment options for COVID-19 are elusive and as NCDs are reported as the main causative risk factors for COVID-19 which can worsen the outcome, the focus should be made on continuing and improving the healthcare facilities related to the prevention, management, and control of NCDs. The management of NCDs in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection are quite challenging. The restrictive measures imposed by governments all over the world such as complete or partial lockdown, travel restrictions, and physical distancing to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection have affected the people with NCDs by limiting their access to healthcare facilities, physical activity access to healthy food, and even to medicines and essential supplies. These factors increase the risk of developing obesity, diabetes, and CVDs. This article reviews the burden of NCDs in India, the cross-connection between NCDs and COVID-19, disruptions of healthcare services for NCDs, and proposes research priorities during COVID-19 for effective management and control of NCDs.
ABSTRACT
India has a disproportionately high burden of acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. In India, 65 million suffer from non-communicable respiratory diseases. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had worsened the situation. Patients affected with COVID-19 with a previous history of comorbidities, such as COPD and chronic lung diseases, had the worst prognosis, resulting in adverse outcomes, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia. Immune modulation strategies have since gained a lot of traction amongst practitioners. Modulation of the immune system with Pidotimod along with standard-of–care (SOC) treatment has proven efficacious in the past two decades in patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs), bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia. In this article, we have reviewed the current unmet needs in the management of COPD in India and evaluated the usage of Pidotimod in adult COPD patients based on expert panel discussion © 2021 Journal of Association of Physicians of India. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The COVID 19 epidemic is gaining momentum in recent times yet prevalence and case fatality rates are lower than many developed countries. Many factors have been postulated for this scenario however preparedness is the need of the hour for future expansion of disease burden. India needs to continue to be STRICT and follow the 3Cs, viz., Social distancing, Test (screening), Re-test (confirmatory), Isolation, Contact tracing and Treatment, with focus on Cleanliness, Containment, and Clusters.